CCD 
Charge Coupled Device. A high quality image sensor commonly found in portable camcorders and similar video equipment.
CMOS 
Complementary Metal Oxide Semiconductor. A medium quality image sensor used in digital cameras and many low-powered image devices such as USB webcams.
Infrared (IR) 
Infrared night vision allows cameras to ‘see in the dark’, or in low-light conditions, using IR LEDs (Infrared Light Emitting Diodes) as illumination for a camera.