This report provides an overview of the size and activity of the UK fishing industry.

EU Fishing Fleet

In 2011, the highest number of fishing vessels in the European Union was in Greece with 16,663 while the UK was sixth with 6,444.  Spain’s gross tonnage capacity is by far the largest and is almost double that of second place UK.  Italy has the most powerful fishing fleet with 1.06 million kW, followed by France, Spain with the UK the fourth most powerful with 0.81 million kW.  The table below provides more detail:

UK Fishing Fleet

The UK fishing fleet incorporates the following areas:

1.	England
2.	Wales
3.	Scotland
4.	Northern Ireland
5.	Islands (Guernsey, Jersey and the Isle of Man)

The number of registered UK fishing vessels has fallen by 26% since 1996.  Capacity and power have also decreased over the same period.  Since 2001 the UK has operated decommissioning exercises to withdraw some capacity from UK fisheries to help ensure a sustainable future.  This, together with reduced fishing opportunities, has resulted in a downward trend in the size of the fleet.  The majority of the UK fleet is made up of smaller vessels with Scotland and Northern Ireland having higher proportions of large vessels than England.

Within the UK fleet England has the largest number of vessels, accounting for 48%, whilst Scottish vessels make up 32%.  Although Scotland has fewer vessels, they have the highest amount of capacity and power.  Part of the reason that England has a larger number of vessels but a smaller amount of capacity and power is that the English fleet has a higher proportion of smaller vessels.

Each fleet in the UK is engaged in different fishing opportunities depending on the area of the country.  The Scottish fleet is catching fish that are high volume but lower priced.  This includes catches such as herring and mackerel in the North Sea and West of Scotland waters.  As a result the Scottish fleet has higher capacity vessels.  These can cover large sea areas and catch several hundred tonnes of fish per vessel in order to be economically viable.

The English fleet is catching fish which are typically lower volume but higher priced, such as the Channel fisheries for sole and plaice.  In addition, a greater proportion of the fleet are smaller vessels covering inshore areas.  As a result the English fleet has a greater proportion of smaller vessels that are economically viable as they catch smaller quantities of more valuable fish.

Administration Port

In 2011 Newlyn in Cornwall had the largest number of vessels in its administration with 622; 88% of these were smaller boats.  The fleet administered by Fraserburgh in Scotland administered fewer boats with 206 but by far the largest capacity with 35,100 gross tonnage and 96,400 kW power.  The largest proportion of 10 metre and under vessels was in Hastings with 93%.  Administration ports in Wales and the south and west coast of England also had large proportions of smaller vessels.

Vessel Age

In total, 62% of the UK fleet (whose age is known) were built more than 20 years ago.  While the number of vessels being built since 1991 has decreased, the average capacity and power of these vessels has increased by 50%.

Number of Fishermen

Since records began in 1938 the number of fishermen working on UK registered vessels has decreased by 74%.  In the last decade the numbers have decreased by 15% from about 15,000 to 12,400.  This decrease is due to reductions in fleet size and fishing opportunities.  Milford Haven in Wales has the largest number of fishermen in the UK with 991, Newlyn in Cornwall has 872 and Fraserburgh has the largest number of fishermen in Scotland with 788.

Accidents, Lost Vessels and Fatalities

During 2011, 299 accidents involving UK registered fishing vessels were reported compared to 272 in 2010.  There were 8 fatalities to crew compared with 5 in 2010 and 24 fishing vessels were reported lost.  This is the highest number of lost vessels recorded since 2005.  The routine wearing of personal flotation devices when fishermen are working on the open deck would reduce the unnecessary loss of life that often occurs when someone goes overboard.

Stock Recovery

Decommissioning exercises over the past decade have focussed on fleets targeting cod, vessels that used trawl fishing for whitefish and beam trawl fishing.  This has reduced the over 10 metre fleet by 46% since 2001.

As part of the measures for recovery of fish stocks, sole and cod recovery zones were established to control fishing in specific areas.  Vessels fishing with beam trawls or static nets of a certain mesh size had limits imposed on the number of days they could spend at sea.

To prevent growth in fishing activity in the sea areas to the west, an area was established known as the ‘Western Waters’ in which fishing effort is limited.  Regulated activity is permitted for UK registered vessels in only four of the nine sea areas within the Western Waters.  Ceilings exist on the maximum fishing effort to be exerted by large vessels targeting certain species in these areas.

Landings

The value of fish landed by the UK fleet in 2011 increased compared with 2010.  UK vessels landed 600,000 tonnes of sea fish (including shellfish) into the UK and abroad with a value of £828 million.  This represents a 1% fall in quantity but a 15% increase in value compared with 2010.  The rise in value is mainly due to an increase of more than 40% in the average value of pelagic fish.

Shellfish formed the majority of landings by the UK fleet into England, Wales and Northern Ireland whilst pelagic fish had the highest amount of landings into Scotland.  The large increase in shellfish landings may be due to diversion of fishing activity into this sector where there are fewer restrictions and quotas, and improvements in data collection and reporting.

There has been a drastic decline in the landings of demersal fish (eg cod, haddock and plaice) over the past 50 years.  There are a number of causes including reductions in fleet size, declining fish stocks and restricted fishing opportunities.  EU and UK regulation has limited demersal fishing activity in recent decades, through decommissioning of fishing vessels, reductions in quotas, fishing effort limits and stock management plans.

This report is intended to provide as accurate a picture as possible of fishing activity carried out by the UK fleet.